Category: Research
Online Behavior, Digital Literacy, & Seeking Info Safely
Last week, Ofcom (UK) released a qualitative study of internet behavio(u)r and the results are both predictable and fascinating. One key given is that experiences were dictated by levels of digital literacy; this reminds us that there are real-world effects on skill and knowledge development that result from lack of regular access to digital technologies. The study also concerned strategies that users employ to remain “safe” in the online world as they seek information and services.
This is a fascinating study for those of us interested in learning and the construction of knowledge(s) online and through digital technologies. Ofcom – independent regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries – shared the findings of the qualitative work conducted by Ipsos MORI on 10 June 2013. The study concludes that “Information Seeking” dominates internet users’ activities – followed by online shopping; pertinent findings for how we can frame and understand information we place online as educators. The study found that participants make subconscious decisions weighing risks and benefits while performing their activities. Therefore, because information seeking is low risk and high reward (low cost, high benefit) it has the best ratio of benefits to drawback and is the prevalent online behavior.
As educators and researchers, we should consider the ways in which people discover and integrate knowledge in the digital realm; then we should also think about these impact of these rapid-paced decisions. There are, of course, entire industries devoted to “getting someone’s attention” online… but perhaps this is more about understanding how that span of attention can be best linked to other spans of attention, to make bridges of knowledge that cover the gaps between.
Another intriguing conclusion: people did not frequently perform civic duties or information-seeking about civic services online. This could be an important finding regarding spreading information and leading behavior for services such as waste management, power, and services.
Read details of the report through the link and the report summary below:
Ofcom has today published qualitative research carried out by Ipsos MORI, looking at how people use the internet and interact with online services. “Being online: an investigation of people’s habits and attitudes” was commissioned to inform Ofcom’s duties in relation to consumers’ and citizens’ communications interests, and its regulatory duty to promote media literacy. The study finds that people tend to make subconscious trade-offs between risk and rewards in their online activities. People use very varied strategies for staying safe online, and there is little consensus as to what these strategies should be, as well as misconceptions about what constitutes “safe” behaviour.
We will use these findings to help further our media literacy research programme, identifying core areas to track over time via quantitative research. In addition, we intend to engage with stakeholders to highlight possible areas of focus for end-user initiatives, relating to online security, perception of risk, use of personal data and attitudes to rights and responsibilities.
Keyword Round-up: May on Academia.edu
Back again with the May keyword round-up from Academia.edu, this time with an emphasis on “Heroes & Zeroes” and celebrity athletes and narratives.
A reminder: Academia.edu offers scholars analytics data, as well as the opportunity to understand the ways in which their research is being discovered. Using this data, scholars may be able to better frame their research to interested parties. I’d certainly say there are interested parties in retiring athletes, transitions, and harnessing celebrity of sports figures.
Following a lonely period, my article “Arguably the Greatest: Sports fans and communities at work on Wikipedia” (2009) was given a page-dwelling compadre. I expanded my identity as an academic who explores the conflict-to-consensus process at play on Wikipedia to one who also explores athlete narratives as they intertwine with celebrity – all achieved by posting another article.
This article “HEROES AND ZEROES: Extending Celebrity Athlete Narratives Beyond Retirement” was developed in 2007 and published in the now-defunct journal Football Studies in 2008. This was a part of my early work in exploring the strands of media(ted) storylines and bundles of cultural values – through which athlete public identities are developed by interconnected sets of meaning . You will notice my early thinking on narrative and the importance of unpacking the ways we tell stories – what and how we say what we mean in media discourse.
In the article, I also proposed a fifth type of professional athlete identity based on contemporary cultural contexts. Here an athlete moves from what Critcher (1979) (1) frames as “traditional/located to transitional/mobile to incorporated/embourgeoised, then to superstars/dislocated.” I argue that the emergence of celebrity grounds the athlete once more in a new realm. I explain: “Though displaced from their former social statuses and lives, this re-rooting in an imagined popular space of celebrity makes these formerly remote stars accessible once more following the cementing of their narrative. Thus the individual is subsumed by a new concept of the brand or celebrity entity – rather than a person, the celebrity is notable for his or her cultural pattern of values.” It was a fascinating exploration and essentially informed what was the first dissertation I wrote prior to embarking on the final version of my doctoral research. If you’re interested, you can read more at my Academia.edu page.
Back to the keywords! My analytics report shows that ten searches were performed through Google and brought visitors to my Academia.edu page. One of these searches was performed on Bing, with the bulk through Google. Visitors searched from the US, UK, Australia, Germany, and Indonesia. The search terms were as follows:
- athlete as cultural hero (No ranking provided)
- how sporting celebrities cope with retirement (Google search rank: 1)
- retired celebrity women (Google search rank: 1)
- culture value of pro athlete endorsement (Google search rank: 3)
- narrative about mia hamm (Google search rank: 1)
- the rise of the celebrity athlete in the 1980s – (Google search rank: 5)
- One David Beckham? Celebrity, Masculinity, and the Soccerati /Cashmore, Ellis; Parker, Andrew (2003) In: in: Sociology of sport journal (No ranking provided)
Searches of note: Four searches concerned celebrity and athletes – this is interesting as the notion of celebrity athletes seems to have become both less popular but also redundant. In other words, there is nearly an expectation of celebrity for emerging (let alone retiring) athletes. Retirement transitions were in the crosshairs of 2 searches. Several searches also related to the narrative (also “narrative” sic) and cultural messages conveyed by the athlete. Finally, visitors were seeking information on women athletes.
This month, no searches were directly seeking my scholarship. The addition of this slightly older article demonstrated an intriguing change in the incoming traffic for my page; I only had eight unique visitors to my profile and documents—and 7 document views—in May. Let’s see if June brings in more summer searching.
(1) Critcher, C. (1979). Football Since The War. In J. Clarke, C. Critcher, & R. Johnson (Eds.).
Working-class Culture: Studies in history and theory (pp. 161-184).London: Hutchinson of London.
Where it’s @
From FastCompany, a look at the character world’s maven of reinvention – the @ character symbol
With whimsical beginnings as a rose in bookkeeping then moving to the “navel of the digital body we now call the internet,” John Brownlee’s article unravels the @ symbol. Brownlee chats with Keith Houston, author of Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and other Typographical Marks. The two authors discuss whether @ is where it’ll stay – as THE character representation of people inhabiting digital realms.
It’s a fascinating look at the capability of characters to transcend language barriers. It also speaks to the use of communication strategies through particular character or representational choices. Finally, the appropriate use of the @ symbol is an excellent example of the ways in which one can demonstrate “insider” status or savvy. This knowledge demonstrated by using the symbol appropriately–whether directing comments toward another digital comrade or sending comments through an electronic system–and even sparingly in contemporary digital spaces (see Brownlee’s comments on CyberC@fes). Click through the link to read more.
Keyword Round-up: April on Academia.edu
Here’s my April keyword round-up from Academia.edu, with an emphasis on “Arguably the Greatest” and imagined communities and sports fans on Wikipedia.
A bit of background: Academia.edu offers scholars analytics data, as well as the opportunity to understand the ways in which their research is being discovered. Using this data, scholars may be able to better frame their research to interested parties. It’s also claimed that this data could help an active academic seek tenure and promotion… I’ll let you know when I get there.
For most of April, I must ashamedly admit, I only had one article posted on my Academia.edu page: “Arguably the Greatest: Sports fans and communities at work on Wikipedia” – a 2009 exploration of the conflict-to-consensus process at work when fans of retired celebrity athletes go to work on framing out these athlete narratives in Wikipedia articles.**
My analytics report shows that four searches performed through Google brought searchers to my Academia.edu page. One of these searches was performed on Google.Au. The search terms were as follows:
- arguably the greatest sport fans and communities at work on wikipedia (Google search rank: 2)
- ‘arguably the greatest ” phrase (no Google search rank)
- meghan arguably the greatest: sport fans and communities at work on wikipedia. sociology of sport journal 26(1): 127-154. (Google search rank: 1)
- “imagined communities” “sports writing” (Google search rank: 1)
I found these search terms particularly interesting as two searches were directly seeking my article. How gratifying! The other two search terms suggest ways in which I could frame my research – and I am most motivated to flesh out my work in relation to imagined communities and sports writing.
Finally, the details about the Google rank of my piece were the most fascinating: this 2009 Wikipedia article is popping up as the first or second Google search result; certainly not what I expected as a referral.
In the next keyword round-up, I will discuss how adding an additional, older article about the ascription of cultural values and extension of performance for retired celebrity athletes has changed the incoming traffic for my page; affecting the relationship of profile to document views.
**Watch this space for a development and revisting of my Wikipedia research space in an upcoming piece.
AAA 2013: DANG, that’s necessary conflict
Conflict is uncomfortable… yet necessary, at least in the case of my research and submission to the Digital Anthropology group, DANG, panel for the American Anthropological Association (AAA) 2013 meeting. In Chicago this year, I’m hoping to share my findings about the ways in which a fandom encounters and uses conflict between members to refine the values they espouse.
“It boils down to respect”:
Defining the values of a fandom through conflict online
Increasingly, social media allows users to connect their online behaviors to physical practices in pursuit of collective goals. In these digital public spaces, communities of practice are able to bypass geographic and temporal boundaries. For U.S. Women National soccer team (USWNT) fans, Tumblr offers a digital realm in which multimodal communication unfolds – and quite often, conflict arises. Through online ethnography and discourse analysis, this study examines conflict as essential to refining USWNT fandom values; however, conflict also jeopardizes the participatory practices that define the fandom.
This community of practice can be explored as a collaborative project that incorporates wider discourses of gender, sport, and nation. USWNT fans share media from first-hand experiences, as well as produce user-generated content. Fan-users also broadcast requests to the fandom, display insider knowledge, and articulate meaning in belonging to the fandom. Subjects spurring USWNT fandom conflict include source attribution and rules for appropriately tagging content. Frustrations about these points of conflict threaten archiving and sharing habits, which in turn threaten to dry one data stream through which “fandom” knowledge is quenched.
Considering the future of open access and linked communities, the current justifications fan-users apply toward the perceptions of ethical responsibilities in the fandom may be instructive. This paper also considers methodological and ethical challenges in researching asynchronous communication in a dynamic digital space. The ways in which the USWNT fandom “does” conflict may offer insight into the ways digitally mediated behaviors could inform practices and discursive spaces of future engagements and conflict resolution.